study on economical effect of warble fly in goats in iran

goat warble-fly infestation is caused by przhevalskiana silenus (diptra oestridae) larvae and it is characterized by the presence of warble under the hide of the back and flanks of the animal. this study was carried out from march 2009 to march 2010 on the hides sent to the khorasn leather industries for grading, processing and tanning. this study demonstrated from 340,797 goat hides examined 37,090 (11.11 %) were infested by przhevalskiana silenus. the highest damaged hides due to warble infestation saw in southern provinces of iran with an average 13.86% and northern provinces had the least infestation with an average 8.48%.the number of the holes in each hide ranged from 2 to 81 with an average 20.65 holes per hide. the highest average of hole per hide reported in central provinces of country and southern provinces had the least holes per hide with an average 18.26 holes per hide.economic losses of the khorasan leather industries due to devaluation of goat hides to przhevalskiana silenus infestation were calculated about 958,000,000 rials equal to 95,800 us$. these losses warrant on immediate attention of the veterinarians for prevention, control and treatment of goat warble fly by prescription macro cyclic lactones drugs such as ivermectin and cypermectin for limitation of economic losses due to devaluation of hides, reduction of products, growth rate and other accompanied diseases.